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Abstract Climate change presents substantial obstacles to the global community, particularly in terms of international food and nutritional security. Rising temperatures, fluctuations in precipitation, and elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels are critical factors contributing to climate change. In 2011, the emissions of CO 2 from underdeveloped nations accounted for approximately 63% of global emissions, while emissions from developed countries represented only 37%. Consequently, developing nations must take a central role in international initiatives to address climate change. This review investigates the impacts of climate change on KSA, which is one of the driest and hottest countries globally. Population growth and climatic changes have positioned Saudi Arabia among the countries experiencing the most acute water scarcity. Climate change is reported to have a significant impact on the Kingdom’s water resources, agriculture, and public health. Health risks exacerbated by climate change emerge as significant national and international concerns during the annual Hajj pilgrimage, which draws millions of people from around the world. In April 2016, the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, launched ‘Vision 2030,’ emphasizing the Kingdom’s dedication to sustainability and its ability to address climatic challenges. KSA is actively engaged in economic diversification efforts aimed at decreasing its dependence on oil through the adoption of renewable energy solutions and the advancement of sustainable urban development.
Afaf Abdullah Rashed (Mon,) studied this question.