Global trends and disparities in the burden of heart failure caused by chronic kidney disease: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021

Figures

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  Figure 1. Prevalence and YLDs of heart failure caused by chronic kidney disease globally. (A) ASR of the prevalence of HF caused by CKD by severity from 1990 to 2021; (B) ASR of YLDs of HF caused by CKD by severity from 1990 to 2021; (C) trends in the prevalence of HF caused by CKD by gender and age; (D) trends in YLDs of HF caused by CKD by gender and age; (E) trends in total percentage change of prevalence of HF caused by CKD by gender and age; (F) trends in total percentage change of YLDs of HF caused by CKD by gender and age; (G) trends and prediction in the prevalence of HF caused by CKD by gender and year; (H) trends and prediction in YLDs of HF caused by CKD by gender and year. YLDs, years lived with disability; ASR, age-standardized rate; HF, heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease.

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  Figure 2. Global maps of the burden of heart failure caused by chronic kidney disease in 2021. (A) Prevalence cases and the ASR of HF caused by CKD in 2021; (B) YLDs number and ASR of HF caused by CKD in 2021. ASR, age-standardized rate; HF, heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; YLDs, years lived with disability.

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  Figure 3. Trends in the burden of heart failure caused by chronic kidney disease by SDI and country in 2021. (A) Trends in ASR of prevalence by SDI and country in 2021; (B) Trends in the ASR of YLDs by SDI and country in 2021. Each point represents a country or territory, and the size of each point represents the number of prevalence or YLDs. ASR, age-standardized rate; SDI, Sociodemographic Index; YLDs, Years lived with disability.

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  Figure 4. Trends in the age-standardized rate of the burden of heart failure caused by chronic kidney disease at the health system grouping level. (A) ASR of prevalence and YLDs of HF caused by CKD by health system grouping level; (B) ASR of prevalence and YLDs of HF caused by CKD due to type 1 diabetes mellitus by health system grouping level; (C) ASR of prevalence and YLDs of HF caused by CKD due to type 2 diabetes mellitus by health system grouping level; (D) ASR of prevalence and YLDs of HF caused by CKD due to glomerulonephritis by health system grouping level; (E) ASR of prevalence and YLDs of HF caused by CKD due to hypertension by health system grouping level; and (F) ASR of prevalence and YLDs of HF caused by CKD due to other and unspecified causes by health system grouping level. ASR, age-standardized rate; YLDs, years lived with disability; MHS, minimal health system; LHS, limited health system; BHS, basic health system; AHS, advanced health system.