The Neuroscience and Purpose of Play

All mammalian brains contain seven basic emotional systems that are found largely in subcortical regions. Each emotional system consists of specific brain structures and each system is fueled by specific brain chemicals. We do not learn to have emotions. They are innate. At birth, only a few stimuli inherently arouse emotions. For example, sudden loud noises automatically arouse fear in virtually all mammals. In the course of life, conditioning experience cause this small repertoire to expand exponentially. Some emotional systems, like fear, rage, lust, the urge nurture, and the need for affection, are obvious. Less obvious is our natural inclination to play with each other. All mammals, especially young ones, engage in mutual play. At first glance, play might seem like a frivolous activity, but research conducted by Jaak Panksepp indicates that play is the basis for co-operation, friendship, trust and possibly for the establishment of social hierarchies. Furthermore, the friendships established through play provide a conduit from early youth, when people and animals are dependent on parental care, to adulthood when and they live independently in the society of peers.