Augmenting β2-adrenergic signaling during exercise to enhance anti-tumor immune function

Exercise is emerging as a powerful adjuvant therapy during cancer treatment, partly due to its immunomodulatory effects. However, the moderate to vigorous intensities required for optimal immune-boosting effects are a barrier for many patients. β1-selective blockade may bias β2 adrenergic signaling to amplify immune responses at lower exercise intensities, offering a clinically feasible strategy for all cancer patients. SUMMARY: Enhancing β2 adrenergic receptor signaling in cancer patients may increase the beneficial effects of exercise on anti-tumor immunity.