Micromobility Vehicle Second-Life Battery Markets: An Inventory of Overlooked Battery Capacity

Second-life electric vehicle battery applications have almost exclusively been in the context of passenger EVs. This paper focuses on an overlooked source of spent battery inventory in shared micromobility fleets. Key findings from our study include a moment-in-time (2022) inventory totaling 183,509 shared electric vehicles, 424 systems, and an estimated 163,894 kWh of battery capacity available for reuse, resulting in 36 MWh of annual decommissioned battery capacity (doubling by 2028). The size and distributed nature of shared micromobility fleets warrant further attention as a potential source of small-format battery capacity for circular economy and second-life applications.