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This article examines self-help in trade unions and Samuel Smiles' ideas, indicating complex overlaps and divisions.
This article examines the complexities of self-help in trade unions and the writing of Samuel Smiles. Trade unions are often assumed to be self-help institutions. Smiles is assumed to be a conservative individualist who wrote against trade unions. This article seeks to explore how far their ideas on self-help overlapped and where the divisions in their discourses were. This is undertaken through an examination of their texts quantitatively and qualitatively to explore how each approached self-help.
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Compton et al. (2026) studied this question.
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