Beyond the Individual: Neurodiversity and the Multi-Level Ecology of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

A tension exists between the potential entrepreneurial strengths associated with neurodiversity and the systemic barriers neurodiverse individuals face within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Applying Ecological Systems Theory, we analyze how neurodiverse entrepreneurs interact with the nested layers (Micro- to Chrono-system) of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. This multi-level perspective reveals how inter-system (mis)alignments create friction, necessitates theorizing neurodiverse ecological niches, and positions neurodiversity as influencing ecosystem co-evolution. We offer a dynamic, interactionist framework that resolves theoretical limitations and provides a foundation for building more inclusive and effective entrepreneurial environments supportive of cognitive diversity.