Assessment of Vibration Impacts on Surrounding Buildings Induced by Rock Foundation Construction

To address the safety assessment challenges associated with repeated and continuous excavation-induced vibrations in high-rise residential projects founded on hard rock, this study proposes a novel multi-scale dual-control evaluation framework bridging macroscopic ground peak particle velocity (PPV) with microscopic structural principal tensile stress. A geotechnical–structural decoupling approach was adopted. First, a two-dimensional dynamic finite element model of the ground was developed to simulate the propagation and attenuation characteristics of elastic waves under continuous excavation impact loading. Subsequently, the acceleration time histories extracted from the soil–structure interface were applied as base excitations in a three-dimensional structural finite element model to systematically investigate the dynamic response characteristics. The scientific novelty of this research lies in quantitatively decoupling the dynamic sensitivities between primary load-bearing shear walls and secondary non-load-bearing walls, thereby overcoming the inherent blind spots of conventional PPV-only macroscopic assessments. The results indicate that in hard-rock foundations, vibration energy is dominated by vertical attenuation characteristics. Compared with primary load-bearing structures mainly governed by static self-weight effects, secondary non-load-bearing components with lower stiffness exhibit significantly higher dynamic sensitivity and localized vulnerability to continuous impact loading. Parametric analysis further reveals that while the number of operating equipment shows a linear positive correlation with vibration amplitude, the impact frequency dictates the system’s dynamic response. Notably, when the excitation frequency approaches the dynamically sensitive frequency range of the foundation system, a pronounced divergence in response characteristics is observed—manifested as a sharp increase in local structural stress despite a reduction in ground macroscopic vibration intensity. These findings provide a rigorous theoretical foundation and a refined methodology for vibration impact assessment in urban hard-rock foundation construction.