Green approaches for CO ₂ capture: Principles and techniques for functionalized particulate materials

Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, driven primarily by fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes, remain a central contributor to climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have emerged as critical tools for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions; however, improving their efficiency, sustainability, and scalability remains a significant engineering challenge. This review examines green approaches to CO 2 capture with a focus on functionalized particulate materials. The manuscript first discusses the chemical and physicochemical properties of CO 2 relevant to capture processes, followed by an overview of conventional and emerging CCS technologies, including absorption, adsorption, and hybrid systems. Particular attention is given to particulate materials such as mesoporous silica, metal oxides, waste‐derived sorbents, and hybrid composites, highlighting the role of surface functionalization in enhancing CO 2 uptake. Key performance parameters, including adsorption capacity, selectivity, cyclic stability, working capacity, and regeneration efficiency, are critically analyzed under different operating conditions. The review also addresses the integration of green chemistry principles, circular economy strategies, and waste valorization in the development of sustainable sorbents. Finally, technical challenges related to long‐term stability, energy demand, and industrial scalability are discussed, providing perspectives for future research and engineering implementation.