What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to understand how psychological distance influences destination image formation among visitors and non-visitors.

Evolution of destination image among visitors and non-visitors: Construal level theory perspective

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Randomized trial explores destination image evolution among visitors and non-visitors, indicating cognitive factors are crucial.

This research aims to understand how psychological distance influences destination image formation among visitors and non-visitors.
Conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 40 Arab participants (18 visitors and 22 non-visitors)
Explored the role of Construal Level Theory in framing destination image perceptions
Identified cognitive mediators impacting psychological distance among non-visitors
Vicarious visitors showed significantly reduced psychological distance, aligning closely with actual visitors' images
Cognitive inputs proved crucial in shaping destination image, beyond direct travel experience
Nuanced distinctions in destination image perceptions were uncovered among varying travel histories

El-Barbary et al. (2026) studied this question.

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