A Review of Self-healing Concrete: Mechanism, Performance, Techniques and Machine Learning Approaches

Self-healing concrete (SHC) is a novel concept that aims to increase the durability of concrete structures and their sustainability through self-repair cracking. This review comprehensively explores the major underlying mechanisms involved in self-healing processes, such as autogenous healing and chemical healing, which include the microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) method and capsule-based chemical healing. This study also explores recent developments in the areas of microbial self-healing, chemical admixtures, and nanomaterials that have improved the performance of the self-healing process. Furthermore, it also assesses the possibility of implementing advanced approaches, such as machine learning (ML). This paper offers a rich understanding of the present scenario, issues, and prospects for self-healing concrete as a resilient, sustainable, and economically viable material for constructing the future world.