Performance Optimization of a Modular Hyacinth Fiber Decorticator for Sustainable Biomass Utilization

Water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes, formerly Eichhornia crassipes) is an ecologically invasive aquatic plant with significant potential as a lignocellulosic fiber source. However, industrial use is limited by its high moisture content, low lignin, irregular fiber structure, and elevated silica and ash, which complicate mechanical extraction. This study evaluates six biomasses: water hyacinth, banana, pineapple, hemp, flax, and sisal and presents the development and testing of a unified semi-automatic, modular fiber decorticator. Adapted from a banana fiber extractor, the machine is engineered to process water hyacinth, banana, and pineapple using features such as adjustable blade pitch, variable roller clearance, corrosion-resistant parts, and anti-clogging systems to handle diverse fiber morphologies and moisture levels. Mechanical parameters including torque, power, flexural force, and moment of inertia were calculated using beam theory and rotational dynamics, while clustering criteria grouped compatible biomasses by their mechanical and morphological traits. Standardized protocols were used for collection, preparation, and processing, with performance measured by extraction efficiency, fiber yield, and energy consumption. Results show that water hyacinth, banana, and pineapple require similar mechanical input (torque: 5.5-7.5 Nm; power: 0.8-1.2 kW), allowing unified processing without major modifications. In contrast, high-strength fibers like flax and hemp require greater mechanical input (up to 3.2 kW) and machine reinforcement. Operational challenges, such as retrofitting needs and biomass waste management, are discussed. The findings confirm that a modular decorticator designed for banana can efficiently process water hyacinth and pineapple, supporting sustainable, decentralized fiber valorization and advancing circular bioeconomy goals in rural contexts.