Highly reliable and decoupled temperature-pressure bimodal sensor based on PVDF-HFP ionogel

Existing bimodal sensors rely on complex multimaterial integration and system topologies, hindering healthcare diagnostics. This work presents a sensor using single-material PVDF-HFP ionogel with a sandwich structure, enabling simultaneous, accurate temperature, and pressure monitoring. Decoupled sensing is achieved via two distinct mechanisms within one material: the ionic thermodiffusion (Soret) effect for temperature and interfacial electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitance for pressure. The sensor exhibits high performance: a temperature sensitivity of 4.2 mV K −1 (limit of detection, LOD: 0.05 K) with < 10 s response time, and pressure sensitivity of 1.35 kPa −1 (LOD: 11 Pa) with < 60 ms response time. Optimized processing yields high-reliability ionogels; unencapsulated samples maintained 93% thermopower after three months of air storage. Finally, sensor arrays integrated into a glove successfully distinguished and mapped pressure and temperature stimuli, demonstrating feasibility for wearable electronics.