The Political Economy of Coins Bearing the Names of Satraps: Samarian Coinage as a Case Study

While Samarian coinage has been extensively analysed numismatically, its classification remains a subject of debate. This study reconsiders Persian-period Samarian coins bearing satrapal names, questioning their classification as either civic or satrapal and whether this distinction is analytically useful. To address this question, it integrates numismatic, archaeological and historical evidence, focusing on coins inscribed with the names of Pharnabazus, Mazday, Brochubelus and Sabakes. By comparing Samarian types with issues from other Levantine mints, this study explores their potential functions, including military payments, taxation and local civic commemoration. Although shaped by satrapal oversight, the evidence suggests that these coins primarily fulfilled a civic role. Recent numismatic evidence prompts a reassessment of the political and economic significance of these coins and contributes to broader discussions on Persian administration, local governance and the monetisation of the Southern Levant.