Against the backdrop of promoting common prosperity, enhancing farmers’ income and improving its structural composition have become critical policy concerns. Using panel data from 30 provincial administrative units in mainland China covering the period 2013–2022, this study empirically examines the impact of agricultural new-quality productive forces (ANQP) on the differentiated structure of farmers’ income. The results show that ANQP has a limited effect on Wage, Operating and Transfer income components but significantly increases property income. This finding suggests that the positive effect of ANQP on farmers’ income is likely to be associated with the appreciation of agricultural assets and the extension of agricultural industrial chains. In addition, a significant threshold effect of agricultural fiscal investment is identified only for property income. When fiscal expenditure remains within an appropriate range, ANQP exerts a stronger positive influence on farmers’ property income, whereas excessive fiscal investment reduces marginal benefits and may even hinder resource allocation efficiency. These findings imply that optimizing agricultural fiscal policies, strengthening technological progress, and adopting region-specific development strategies are essential to effectively promote farmers’ income growth and advance the goal of common prosperity.
Zhang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.