Compares Lyapunov exponents and permutation entropy to assess complexity in fractional difference equations, implying measurement challenges.
This paper aims to highlight the difficulties in measuring the dynamic complexity or chaos in fractional difference equations. We compare Lyapunov exponents and permutation entropy to assess how they measure complexity and whether the results we obtain are trustworthy.
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Cánovas et al. (2026) studied this question.
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