Self-Care Experiences and Influencing Factors Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Ghana: A Theory-Based Descriptive Qualitative Study

This qualitative study examined self-care experiences and influencing factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Ghana using the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. Fourteen participants were interviewed on self-care practices. Thematic analysis revealed 12 themes reflecting the theory's components. Patients were on hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Self-care maintenance included rest and recovery, fluid and dietary practices. Monitoring included self-monitoring and reporting, and monitoring at the hospital. Management included care evaluation and modification. Influencing factors were barriers to self-care, support systems, sociodemographics, and clinical/health-related. Findings suggest nurses and health care workers should address these factors through tailored interventions.