Comprehensive review integrates molecular mechanisms and current therapies in esophageal cancer, highlighting novel strategies.
Key Points
This review aims to synthesize findings on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. It addresses the urgent need for innovative treatment options given the disease's high mortality rate.
Systematic categorization of key clinical trials in esophageal cancer over the past five years.
Integration of current understanding of molecular pathogenesis and tumor immune microenvironment.
Discussion of targeted therapeutic approaches and emerging strategies, including TKIs and CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Molecular pathogenesis and immune microenvironment analysis underscores unique challenges in esophageal cancer treatment.
Immunotherapy is identified as a breakthrough, yet advancement in targeted therapies is slower than expected.
Future directions emphasize the potential of new drug classes, including TKIs and mTOR pathway inhibitors.