Antifungal properties of metallic nanoparticles as potential components of packaging films: a review

Purpose Microbial spoilage, especially from fungi, causes severe health risks and economic losses globally. This study aims to give a thorough overview of recent advancements in the use of metallic nanoparticles as antifungal agents in food packaging. Nanoparticles (NPs) show promising results as antimicrobial agents and their integration into food packaging could significantly extend food shelf life. Innovative NP-based packaging may offer an effective solution to reduce spoilage and food-borne diseases. Design/methodology/approach An extensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases to search the articles published recently (2018–2025). Findings Results indicated that metallic NPs are highly potent in preventing the growth of common food-spoilage fungi and improving the shelf life of foods. Many films made using NPs are edible and biodegradable and therefore are sustainable. However, research on antifungal NPs is still in its infancy. Additional research using standardized methods is required to understand the safety levels of these NPs in food preservation applications. Originality/value The current review summarizes the recent literature regarding the efficacy of metallic NPs as antifungal agents in food preservation.