The paper argues for a new understanding of empirical reality through Coherence, Interaction, and Complexity, highlighting philosophical implications.
This paper argues that the classical notion of a substrate, understood as an underlying bearer of properties distinct from their measurable manifestations, has no independent empirical status. Every physically distinguishable and empirically measurable entity exists as a configuration of Coherence (C), Interaction (I), and Complexity (K). Empirical reality is therefore reformulated as an operative and relational structure generated by these three Constitutive Forces.[1] Scientific measurement registers their quantitative articulation across physical, chemical, biological, and technical regimes. The argument examines what measurement registers, the philosophical status of the substrate, and the impossibility of any substance independent of Coherence, Interaction, and Complexity. A substrate that is stable, bound, interacting, and measurable is already a configuration of C-I-K. A substrate outside the operativity of these Constitutive Forces has no empirical status through which it could appear, persist, act, or be measured. There is no additional substance beneath or behind C-I-K capable of producing empirical existence. The paper distinguishes configuration from articulation. Configuration is the operative status of a system as C-I-K; articulation is the quantitative form through which that configuration becomes measurable within a given relation. Wave-particle duality is treated as a case of relational articulation, where particle-like and wave-like results express different measurable modes of the same operative configuration. The conclusion is that empirical reality is grounded in the continuous operativity of Coherence, Interaction, and Complexity. Scientific measurement becomes the empirical measurement of ontology itself: every scientific number expresses the structure through which reality becomes distinguishable, interactive, organized, and measurable. Philosophy consequently receives it legitimate foundation from the measurable ontology of empirical reality.
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Erl Kodra (2026) studied this question.
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