Effect of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Nanoparticles on the Testicular Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Adult Male Rats

Objectives The objectives of this study were evaluation and comparison the protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts: aqueous leaf extract (AQLE) and ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) against induced testicular cytotoxicity by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CYP) that caused severe testicular toxicity and fertility issues. Investigation the fertility parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological alterations. Materials were CYP, ethanol, reagent kits and rats. Material and Methods Six groups of male albino rats differing in feeding: Control: saline for 15 days orally. CYP: injected 50 mg CYP dose/kg through intraperitoneal at 13th-15th days. AQLE: 500 mg AQLE /kg/day orally through intragastric tube for consecutive 15 days. ELE: feeding as AQLE. AQLE+CYP: 500 mg AQLE/kg/day for consecutive 15 days with CYP at 13th-15th days after one-hour of administration AQLE. ELE+CYP group: 500 mg ELE /kg/day for consecutive 15 days with the same CYP doses as AQLE. Results CYP decreased fertility parameters: semen quality, hormones, follicle stimulating (FSH), Luteinizing (LH), testosterone (Testo). For the hormones: Testo: Control (3.42-4.22), CYP (0.48-0.83), CYP-ELE (2.43-2.58); FSH: control (5.11-5.76), CYP (2.06-2.33), ELE (3.76-4.23); LH: control (4.11-5.47), CYP (0.47-0.93), ELE (3.60-4.30). For sperm count x106: Control (81-86), CYP (19-25), ELE-CYP (67.0-79.0); sperm motility: Control (78.0-82.0), CYP (12.0-27.0), ELE-CYP (54.0-69.0); Sperm abnormality: Control (9-14), CYP (76-87), ELE-CYP (16-22). CYP decreased catalase activity and superoxide dismutase and increased both oxidative marker and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The histological examination showed injuries in the testicular tissues. The administration of MLE with CYP minimized side effects, decreased weight loss of rats caused by CYP (80 mg/kg/day) and protected testis structure and functions against CYP injury by the antioxidant bioactive phytochemicals. Conclusion Ethanolic MLE was more superior in mitigation CYP cytotoxicity and preserved fertility during CYP chemotherapy.