Effectiveness of Chatbots as a Source of Sexual Health Information

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S., which is the cause of cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. AI-based chatbots offer a promising solution for addressing knowledge gaps and improving HPV vaccine communication. This study examines the effectiveness of AI-based chatbots in delivering sexual health information to young adults (aged 18-30) by utilizing an extended version of the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model. The study employed an online survey (N = 700) to assess participants’ experiences using chatbots, which included a structured questionnaire administered through Prolific. After analyzing the data using Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0, the results showed that Compatibility is the strongest driver of use and a significant predictor of satisfaction. Information and service quality significantly enhance satisfaction. Satisfaction is the key determinant of performance impact, even more than actual use. Theoretical contributions and practical implications were discussed.