Synthesis and Dielectric Analysis of Bi ₂ O ₃ /PVP Composites for Electrical Energy Storage Applications

Polymer composites are crucial for the production and storage of energy. In this research work, we have synthesized Bi 2 O 3 /(Polyvinylpyrrolidone)PVP polymer composites by changing the filler bismuth oxide (BO) up to 10 % using the conventional ball-milling method, considering application in energy storage. These synthesized composites' structural, bonding, and morphological properties are sequentially examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Impedance spectroscopy is used to examine the dielectric properties of all synthesised polymer composites by building capacitive devices with different filler concentrations and frequencies. Dielectric analysis of BO/PVP polymer composite materials verifies that dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency and increases with increasing filler concentration. XRD patterns of these composites validated the presence of monoclinic α-Bi 2 O 3 in ball-milled BO/PVP composites, indicating successful incorporation of BO filler particles into the PVP matrix. Surface morphology analysis of SEM images confirms uniform dispersion of Bi 2 O 3 filler particles into the PVP matrix of the composite material. According to dielectric analysis, the dielectric constant of composites increases while the dissipation factor drops with increasing Bi 2 O 3 filler concentration, suggesting enhanced polarisation and reduction in energy loss in BO/PVP composites. The dielectric constant of pristine PVP is found to be 9.21 @ 10 KHz and for BO 10% /PVP 90% found to be @ 10 KHz. According to this study, BO/PVP polymer composite materials may be suitable for electrode materials in energy storage applications due to their enhanced dielectric properties.