Before Race, and After Race: A Response to the Forum on The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages

The aim of this book is to sketch paradigms and models for thinking critically about medieval race that call attention to tendencies and patterns, inventions, and strategies in race-making and identify crucibles and dynamics that conduce to the production of racial form and raced behavior. Dorothy Kim's response to my 2018 book, The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages, opens with the quotation above, taken from the book itself. In requoting, I've emphasized the words thinking critically because most of the articles in this forum see that Invention of Race is scholarship that emerges out of the varied genealogical traditions of critical race theories, even as the book works to remain faithful to the premodern archives with which it transacts-so as to confront head-on, as Amrita Dhar puts it, the "charges of presentism and anachronism" that are invariably visited upon critical scholarship on premodernity. 1 Before Invention of Race, euromedievalist work on race largely produced descriptive or taxonomic scholarship (e.g., scholarship that asked who belonged to the "Germanic races" or "Celtic races"), or focused on scrutinizing Muslim, Jewish, or Black characters in literary texts-often, texts of recreational/fantasy literature. Accordingly,