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This study investigates the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Physical Education (PE), examining its perceived impact, challenges, and ethical implications among three groups: in-service PE teachers (PET), trainee teachers (TT), and students (ST). Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected from 150 participants, 50 from each group via a secure virtual platform. The questionnaire included open-ended questions that were pilot-tested for clarity and designed to minimize response bias, ensuring methodological rigor. Thematic analysis revealed shared themes and unique perspectives across the groups. Participants universally recognized AI's potential to personalize learning, enhance teaching efficiency, and improve student outcomes. PET emphasized practical benefits, such as real-time feedback and assessment enhancements, while TT and ST highlighted motivational and engagement-related advantages. Despite this optimism, challenges included insufficient training, unequal resource access, and scepticism about AI's applicability in PE's movement-focused learning environments. Ethical concerns were prevalent, particularly around data privacy and informed consent, with PET expressing greater confidence in existing regulatory frameworks compared to TT and ST. The findings underscore AI's potential to transform PE but also highlight significant barriers requiring resolution. Comprehensive training programs tailored to each group, equitable access to resources, and robust ethical safeguards are essential for effective integration. Divergent priorities reflect each group's professional stage: PET prioritized practical applications and efficiency, whereas TT and ST emphasized inclusivity and innovation. This study provides valuable insights into AI's role in creating adaptive, inclusive, and innovative PE environments. Addressing the identified challenges can help leverage AI's benefits while minimizing risks. Future research should examine the long-term impacts of AI integration in PE and establish best practices for its effective and ethical use in education. By doing so, AI can significantly enhance teaching and learning experiences, aligning with the evolving needs of students and educators.
Bofill-Herrero et al. (Wed,) studied this question.