Evaluates a novel SPR sensor's performance for hemoglobin and glucose detection in blood and urine, suggesting significant advantages for biomedical applications.
A novel copper (Cu)/Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 )/graphene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the detection of haemoglobin in blood and urine glucose concentrations based on the angular interrogation method. The optical behaviour of the sensor is numerically analyzed by using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), implemented in MATLAB. Furthermore, COMSOL Multiphysics software is employed to analyze both the electric field distribution and the plasmonic field amplification at the metal-dielectric interface. The sensor's performance is quantified by sensitivity, detection accuracy, figure of merit (FoM), and full width at half maximum (FWHM). The observed peak sensitivity values of 260 and 230 deg/RIU for haemoglobin and glucose levels, respectively, result in a shift in the resonance angle due to variations in the refractive indices of the sensing layer. The simulation findings show that the proposed sensor offers high sensitivity, good linearity, and enhanced field confinement when compared with conventional SPR sensors. This novel SPR sensor provides fast, label-free, realtime and non-invasive sensing, showing great potential for biomedical sensing, point-of-care and integrated health systems.
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Sengupta et al. (2026) studied this question.
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