Deep learning for patient-specific quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy: predicting gamma passing rate based on accelerator dynamic log files

To predict and classify the gamma passing rate (GPR) for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in VMAT using a deep learning approach based on accelerator dynamic log files. Dynamic log files of 438 VMAT plans were analyzed. GPR were measured by using Delta4. Using dynamic log files as inputs and GPR under five different criteria as outputs, the Resnet-based model was trained by a five-fold cross-validation method. The average absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Sr), coefficient of determination (R 2 ), and Classification performance were calculated. In the test dataset, the predictive model demonstrated good agreement with measured GPR values across different gamma criteria, with MAE ranging from 0.59 to 2.05%, RMSE ranging from 1.02 to 3.94%, and R 2 ranging from 0.76 to 0.88. Significant correlations were observed between predicted and measured GPR values under all gamma criteria (Sr = 0.83–0.94, p < 0.001).For the classification models, the accuracy ranged from 0.87 to 0.96, while the AUC values ranged from 0.89 to 0.97 across different gamma criteria, indicating favorable classification performance. We developed a deep learning model that demonstrated promising performance in predicting and classifying GPR for VMAT PSQA. The model is promising as it streamlines the PSQA process and may reduces the associated workload, demonstrating substantial clinical potential.