Abstract Metabolic alterations precede clinical diagnosis in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), highlighting the potential of early predictive biomarkers for timely risk stratification. This study used a multi-omics approach to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and metabolites (DEMs) and elucidate associated pathways in GDM. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE (OVID), and CINAHL were searched. P -values and fold changes were combined using Amanida. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses were performed using Metascape and MetaboAnalyst, while Cytoscape was used to analyse hub genes. Eleven proteomic and sixteen metabolomic studies involving 3393 participants identified 210 DEPs and 382 DEMs. Integrated pathway analyses highlighted D‑amino acid metabolism as a promising pathway. Vitronectin, fibrinogen α-chain, C-reactive protein, and antithrombin III emerged as hub proteins, while xanthine, taurocholic acid, trimethylamine, and linolenic acid were hub metabolites. These proteins and metabolites elucidate GDM pathogenesis and offer potential for early prediction, validation, and mechanistic studies.
Ayele et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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