The impact of different bag-carrying modes on postural stability and spatiotemporal parameters of adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Background/purpose Previous research studied the effects of load carriage in adolescents did not focus on balance as an essential indicator in walking activity. Therefore, this study examined how different bag-carrying techniques affected adolescent balance and gait spatiotemporal parameters. Methods By using the HUMAC balance system and a GAITRite system, the postural balance and gait spatiotemporal parameters were assessed in 32 adolescents of both genders, while carrying a traditional backpack, messenger bag, and one-shoulder strap bag, weighing 15% of body weight. Results The sensory integration of balance using firm and foam surfaces with open and closed eyes during messenger carrying was significantly less than their values during backpack and one-shoulder strap conditions ( P < 0.05), and no significant difference between backpack and one-shoulder strap conditions ( P > 0.05). Regarding limits of stability and weight shifting, the value of messenger was significantly greater than their values during backpack and one-shoulder strap conditions ( P < 0.05), and no significant difference between backpack and one-shoulder strap conditions ( P > 0.05). The step and stride lengths during carrying the backpack was significantly longer than the messenger and one-shoulder strap bags ( P < 0.05). The cadence during carrying the one-shoulder strap bag was significantly higher than backpack and messenger bag ( P < 0.05). Conclusion In adolescents, carrying the backpack improved the walking spatial parameters in comparison to the messenger and one-shoulder strap bags. The messenger bag has a better impact on sensory integration of balance than the backpack and the one-shoulder strap. Hence, the messenger bag style preserves speed while maintaining balance.