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The development of efficient, stable, and environmentally benign catalysts advances sustainable organic synthesis. Among emerging materials, melamine, a low-cost, nitrogen-rich heterocycle, has attracted significant attention for its ability to form functional composites with a wide range of advanced materials, including porous organic frameworks (POFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide (GO), and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ). These materials benefit from melamine's structural versatility, high nitrogen content, and its ability to coordinate with metal centers, making them highly suitable platforms for heterogeneous catalysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in melamine-based composite catalysts, focusing on their structural design, physicochemical properties, and catalytic performance in key organic transformations, such as coupling, condensation, hydrogenation, oxidation, and CO 2 conversion reactions. Particular emphasis is placed on synthetic strategies, structure-activity relationships, and advantages including recyclability, high surface area, and tunable porosity. By mapping the current landscape of melamine-derived catalytic materials and elucidating their mechanistic roles in green chemistry, this review aims to inspire future research and foster innovation at the intersection of materials science and catalysis.
Shahzadi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.