Managing innovation performance in Industry 5.0: The role of environmental turbulence, dynamic capabilities, and AI acceptance

This paper examines how market and technological turbulence (MT, TT) influence AI-enabled inbound and outbound open innovation (IOI, OOI), their mediating effects on innovation performance (IP), and the moderating roles of effort expectancy (EE) and performance expectancy (PE) within the Industry 5.0 framework. A dual-method approach combining PLS-SEM and NCA was applied to survey data from 245 industry professionals collected between November 2024 and February 2025. Both IOI and OOI significantly enhance IP, with OOI emerging as the stronger predictor. MT positively influences both IOI and OOI, while TT affects only OOI. EE and PE moderate the turbulence–IOI relationship, and several mediation effects through open innovation are supported. The study extends Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT) and UTAUT by integrating AI-enabled open innovation into the Industry 5.0 paradigm, emphasizing the human factor in innovation management.