Health risk profiles of heavy metals and radionuclides in geothermal waters and groundwater, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand: An interannual comparative baseline assessment

), driven by the elevated presence of arsenic (As). These findings demonstrate that static, single-point assessments may inadequately characterize for managing geochemically complex systems. Consequently, periodic monitoring strategies are essential to safeguard public health against such interannual variations in toxicological threats.