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N -(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl- p -phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is a derivative of rubber tires which leaches into surface waters when tire particles are swept into roadway runoff. 6PPD-Q has been identified as a potential cause of urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon, and subsequent research has determined a wide variation in toxicity among fishes. While adult rainbow trout are known to be sensitive, there is limited research on the response of early life stages to 6PPD-Q exposure. Given that early life stages of fish are often more sensitive than adults, the aim of these studies was to assess the acute and subchronic toxicity of 6PPD-Q in early life stage rainbow trout. Rainbow trout alevins were exposed from hatch until 28 days post-hatch to time-weighted average 6PPD-Q concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 2.35 μg/L, which determined a 28-day median lethal dose (LC 50 ) of 0.56 μg/L, as well as morphological deformities, including pooling of blood in the caudal fin. A follow-up acute study with exogenously feeding rainbow trout fry revealed a 96-h LC 50 of 0.47 μg/L. These studies indicate that early life stage rainbow trout are sensitive to subchronic 6PPD-Q exposure, and underscore the importance of utilizing early life stage studies to determine the most sensitive benchmark concentrations, and their value in determining sublethal effects.
Roberts et al. (Thu,) studied this question.