Soft Power Strategy in Russian Foreign Policy Towards Africa

This study examines Russia’s use of soft power as a strategic dimension of its foreign policy towards Africa, a field less explored than its military and economic engagements. The research’s primary aim was to identify the tools and mechanisms through which Russia seeks to cultivate influence across African states, addressing key gaps in the existing scholarship on Russian– African relations. The study employed a qualitative methodology, combining a literature review with case studies and content analysis of official statements, media narratives and cultural diplomacy efforts. Findings show that Russia advances a multifaceted soft power strategy grounded in educational exchange programmes, media platforms, such as RT Africa and Sputnik Africa, and appeals to shared historical memory of Soviet anti-colonial support and religious diplomacy through the Russian Orthodox Church. These instruments operate alongside economic and security partnerships, resulting in a hybrid model of influence. However, comparative assessments of the effectiveness of these tools remain limited, and empirical evidence on African public reception of Russian messaging is scarce. Russia positions itself as an alternative to Western and Chinese partners, emphasising sovereignty, non-interference and anti-colonial solidarity. Overall, Russia’s soft power constitutes a central pillar of its renewed engagement in Africa.