Sociological exploration of the perceptions behind the idealism of sculpture creations and spiritual criminality in south-western part of Nigeria

Traditional African sculptures hold profound cultural and spiritual significance across Nigerian communities. Yet, in urban Nigeria today, these artifacts often face negative social labelling, linked to perceptions of occultism and criminality. This paper examines how cultural perceptions, religious discourses, and media narratives intersect to shape the stigmatization of traditional sculptures and those associated with them. Drawing on qualitative data collected through purposive sampling and in-depth interviews with traditional artists, spiritual practitioners, religious leaders, law enforcement personnel, and community members, thematic analysis reveals prevailing associations of sculptures with ritual killings, occult practices, and financial fraud. Religious authorities frequently denounce these sculptures as idolatrous, while law enforcement at times seizes them as evidence of illicit activity. This dual condemnation fuels social exclusion and undermines the legitimacy of cultural practitioners. The study highlights the broader implications of such stigmatization for Nigeria’s cultural identity and spiritual pluralism. It advocates for public education initiatives to enhance cultural literacy, culturally informed policing strategies, and more nuanced media representation. These interventions are critical to safeguarding Nigeria’s rich artistic heritage and promoting inclusive cultural narratives within contemporary urban settings.