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Research and development (R&D) activities that lead to innovation can contribute highly to a country's economic growth and development. However, research output can be expressed in different forms, such as research publications and patents. Patents are considered to be closer to implemented innovation than are research publications, but research publications improve human capital and propose innovative solutions that can lead to patenting activities. So although
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Inglesi‐Lotz et al. (2018) studied this question.
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