Phytotoxic effects and rhizosphere microecological responses of peanut to oxytetracycline and microplastic co-exposure

= 0.619, p = 0.004). Network analysis further identified key regulatory nodes (Nocardioides and taxifolin) that bridge the associations between the rhizosphere microenvironment and plant growth traits. This study demonstrates that microbial shifts and metabolic adjustments are essential in mediating plant responses to multi-pollutant stress, providing crucial theoretical and mechanistic insights for global agricultural environmental risk assessment under co-contamination scenarios.