From Digital Tools to Governance Infrastructure: How Platforms Enable Co-created Carbon Neutrality in Mega-Events

This study examines how digital platforms reshape the co-creation of carbon neutrality in mega-event governance. Building on co-production and platform governance theories, it conceptualizes platforms as governance infrastructure that reconfigures stakeholder relations and enables multi-actor climate action. Based on the 2023 Hangzhou Asian Games, it identifies two mechanisms: direct emissions reduction through digital substitution of high-carbon activities, and collaborative reduction through platform-mediated coordination. The findings show that platforms transform fragmented actions into collectively generated public value, advancing platform-mediated climate governance and offering insights for urban responses to complex collective action challenges.