Dietary Quercetin as a Modulator of Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review of Its Anti-Obesity Effects

Over the past few years, the proportion of individuals affected by obesity and related metabolic disorders has increased substantially worldwide, largely due to unhealthy eating habits and reduced physical activity. The management and prevention of obesity remain key focal points in scientific research. Quercetin, as a common flavonol polyphenol widely present in foods, not only exerts a beneficial influence on obesity but also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-modulating activities. However, the application of quercetin is limited by challenges related to its bioavailability and extraction efficiency. This review examines the mechanisms through which quercetin mitigates obesity-related physiological disturbances. These include the alleviation of chronic low-grade inflammation, the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress, and the modulation of gut microbial composition. By systematically analyzing how quercetin affects obesity through these pathways, this review aims to enhance the understanding of its action mechanisms and contributes to the advancement of dietary intervention strategies and obesity-related preventive research.