Effects of Temperature on the Calendar Life of Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

This work examines how elevated temperature affects interphase stability and calendar aging in silicon (Si)-based lithium (Li)-ion batteries (Si-LIBs) using a LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 cathode and an electrolyte without fluorine ethylene carbonate. Cells stored for 180 days at 25−47.5 °C show stable impedance, good capacity retention, and robust inorganic-rich interphases that preserve cathode structure. At 55 °C, however, rapid impedance rise and severe capacity loss occur within 90 days due to particle cracking, lithium depletion, and transition-metal migration. These findings show that controlling storage temperature and optimizing electrolyte chemistry are essential strategies to extend the calendar life of Si-LIBs.