Monitoring of primary productivity by phytoplankton in the South Kalimantan Coast, Indonesia based on satellite data and its relationship with Monsoon and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of primary productivity on the coast of South Kalimantan based on satellite imagery and the influence of monsoon and ENSO on the coast of South Kalimantan. Spatial structure and temporal variation were analyzed to describe the general condition using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). An overall temporal review to describe the influence of Monsoon and ENSO activities is carried out by a Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis. The results found that the coastal area of South Kalimantan has a maximum primary productivity potential of up to 1800 – 2000 mg/m2/day with a high distribution in coastal waters and decreases to a range of 400 – 800 mg/m2/day in areas that are far from the beach. Temporally, it was found that the maximum primary productivity occurs in the northwestern monsoon period (December – February), in contrast the minimum was in the southeast monsoon period (June – August). Regarding interannual variability, it is known that La Nina events trigger higher primary productivity compared to El Nino events.