Engineering Cu, Mn, and Co‐Modified Graphene/Ferrites on Gas Diffusion Layers Electrodes for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Graphene with spinel ferrites (MFe 2 O 4 , M: Mn, Co, and Cu) is excellent low‐cost material as electrocatalysts for ammonia synthesis. This study investigated the enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency of GDL/graphene‐MnFe 2 O 4 , GDL/graphene‐CoFe 2 O 4 , and GDL/graphene‐CuFe 2 O 4 for the reduction of nitrogen (N 2 ) and addressed gaps in ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis via electrocatalytic N 2 reduction, seeking decentralized, low‐carbon alternatives to the Haber–Bosch process. The materials were synthesized using water rich in natural organic matter as a solvent and were deposited onto a gas diffusion layer (GDL) electrode using the drop‐coating method. The main results highlighted the efficiency of all electrodes, but a higher yield was obtained for GDL/graphene‐MnFe 2 O 4 , which reached 48 µg h −1 cm −2 and a faradaic efficiency of 56%. These findings highlight the influence of transition‐metal substitution on the stability of ferrite compounds and illustrate a simple and cost‐effective method for obtaining an efficient alternative for NH 3 synthesis using electrocatalysts prepared from economic precursors.