The effect of Mangosteen on Inflammation, Oxidative Status, and Hepatorenal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are significant factors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mangosteen (MG) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities due to its high concentrations of xanthones, particularly (α-MG) and (γ-MG). Objectives: This study aims to evaluate MG effect as an adjuvant therapy on inflammation, antioxidant activity, hepatic, and renal function among newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Methods: This is a prospective randomized-controlled open-label study carried out over 12-week period at the National Diabetes Center for Treatment and Research. Group 1: included patients treated with sitagliptin/metformin tab. (50/1000 mg) twice daily in addition to non-pharmacological therapy (lifestyle modification), Group 2: included patients treated with sitagliptin/metformin tab. (50/1000 mg) twice daily plus MG cap. (500mg) two times daily in addition to non-pharmacological therapy (lifestyle modification). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fasting serum insulin (FSI), HOMA-IR, Serum interlukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), liver and kidney parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: The total number of participants was 47 patients; Group 1 included 22 patients and Group 2 included 25 patients. After 12 weeks, IL-6 decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05) and SOD-1 showed significant improvement in patients receiving MG (p<0.05). Liver and renal parameters remained within normal limits in both groups. Conclusion: Mangosteen (MG) supplementation was safe and well tolerated and may have a potential antioxidant benefit, with no additive effect on inflammation. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.