Dynamics of Water Intercalated in Graphite Oxide

Intercalated water in graphite oxide (GO) was investigated by using different techniques: broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) (10 −2 −10 9 Hz; 140−300 K), differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection geometry in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). We have studied the water concentration ( c w ) region from 0 wt % (anhydrous GO) up to 25 wt % since in this range the water crystallization is avoidable. The interlayer distance during hydration increases from 5.67 to 8 Å which corresponds to the uptake of a water monolayer in the interlayer space of GO. A clear relaxation due to water molecule reorientation is seen by BDS. The rotational water dynamics is dependent on the hydration level. At high water concentration ( c w > 15 wt %), water−water interactions seem to dominate the dielectric response. This result is also compatible with those from FTIR and X-ray measurements. In this water concentration region, a slight dynamical crossover in the temperature dependence of the relaxation times is observed. We show that the crossover temperature on this system ( T cross ) depends on the confinement size.