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We used molecular-specific gold nanoparticles to monitor epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in live A431 cells over time. Dark-field hyperspectral imaging, electron microscopy, and electrodynamic modeling were used to correlate optical properties of EGFR-bound plasmonic nanoparticles with receptor regulation state. We showed that receptor trafficking resulted in a progressive red shift of greater than 100 nm in the nanoparticle plasmon resonance wavelength over a time period of 60 min. Furthermore, we demonstrated that changes in peak scattering wavelengths of gold nanoparticles from 546 +/- 15 to 574 +/- 20, and to 597 +/- 44 nm are associated with EGFR trafficking from the cell membrane, to early endosomes, and to late endosomes/multivesicular bodies, respectively. Finally, we used the changes in scattering spectra of EGFR-bound nanoparticles and a straightforward statistical analysis of RGB-channel color images of labeled cells to create near real-time maps of EGFR regulatory states in living cells.
Aaron et al. (Fri,) studied this question.