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This policy analysis examines changes in early childhood education in India, highlighting significant gaps in implementation and effectiveness.
This study examines the evolution of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in India from 1947 to 2025 through a qualitative historical policy document analysis. Drawing on national policy documents, committee reports, and curriculum frameworks, the paper traces six major phases from early welfare initiatives to the institutionalisation of ICDS, rights-based reforms, and the systemic restructuring under NEP 2020. Findings reveal persistent gaps between policy ambition and implementation, marked by infrastructural deficits, uneven quality, and limited professionalisation. The analysis highlights how longstanding structural challenges continue to shape India's pursuit of equitable, developmentally appropriate early childhood education.
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Sarkar et al. (2026) studied this question.
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