Spray-cast multilayer perovskite solar cells with an active-area of 1.5 cm2

We utilise spray-coating under ambient conditions to sequentially deposit compact-TiO 2 , mesoporous-TiO 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI (3−x) Cl x perovskite and doped spiro-OMeTAD layers, creating a mesoporous standard architecture perovskite solar cell (PSC). The devices created had an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.2% and a peak PCE of 10.2%; values that compare favourably with control-devices fabricated by spin-casting that had an average efficiency of 11.4%. We show that our process can be used to create devices having an active-area of 1.5 cm 2 having an independently verified efficiency of 6.6%. This work demonstrates the versatility of spray-coating as well as its potential as a method of manufacturing low-cost, large-area, efficient perovskite devices.