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Standardised methods enhance measurement consistency and industrial adoption of graphene-related materials.
Standardised chemical characterisation methods for graphene‐related two‐dimensional materials (GR2Ms) are essential for achieving reproducibility, comparability and industrial uptake of GR2M measurements. Herein, we summarise the key elements of ISO/TS 23359 (Nanotechnologies—Chemical characterization of graphene‐related two‐dimensional materials from powders and liquid dispersions) where complementary measurements using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are detailed. We provide a short overview of the ISO standard including the complementary measurands, measurement methodology and interlaboratory findings.
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Clifford et al. (2026) studied this question.
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