Balancing ex-ante and ex-post approaches for Loss and Damage policy in a fragmented world

Current Loss and Damage frameworks remain largely reactive, prioritising post-disaster response. We argue for better integration of ex-ante and ex-post approaches, including building back better strategies, to break recurring cycles of loss and recovery. Drawing on a scoping review, selected case studies, and expert consultations, we identify three enabling conditions- robust knowledge systems, inclusive governance, and flexible finance- to strengthen both short-term recovery and long-term resilience.