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Using national-level data, this analysis examines American fathers' participation in three domains of child rearing for children aged 5 to 18 years. Focus is placed on the extent to which participation varies by race or ethnicity, gender and family ideologies, and the interaction between these factors. Results show that minority fathers consistently outperform White fathers in the cognitive domain. Findings also show that fathers' involvement is a function of an interplay between race or ethnicity and cultural ideologies.
Toth et al. (Wed,) studied this question.